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INSIGHT INTO SENTENCES
（一）
【原句1】
Then we will open the floor for discussion. (P22)
【译文】之后我们将展开自由讨论。
【解读】
1. 划线部分the floor意为“发言权”。如：
The floor is yours; you may present your argument.
2. 含有the floor的常见短语有：
a. get / be given / have the floor（讨论或辩论中）取得发言权。如：
Excuse me, Mr. Gregory, but Ms. Barnes gets / is given / has the floor.
I don’t want to be interrupted when I have the floor.
b. hold the floor长篇大论地发言（尤指使他人无法发言）。如：
Michael held the floor for over an hour.
c. take the floor起立发言或演讲。如：
I now invite the President to take the floor.
【拓展】the floor还可意为“全体与会者，全体议员”。如： The president is taking questions from the floor.
【小试牛刀】英译汉。
1. When James took the floor, a sudden silence fell over the meeting hall.
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2. We will take any questions from the floor.
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3. Everybody should have the floor during the meeting.
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4. Some speakers can hold the floor for several hours whether anyone wants to listen or not.
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【原句2】
People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.      (P23)
【译文】人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但事实并非绝对如此。
【解读】划线部分是同位语从句，解释中心词belief的具体内容。
掌握同位语从句需注意以下几点：
1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些概括性的抽象名词后面；此类名词有：belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, possibility, evidence, promise, suggestion, problem, thought, view等。如：
We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.
Obviously there was little possibility that they would succeed, but they didn’t mind.
Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?
Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming summer vacation.
2. 有时，同位语从句不是紧跟在中心词后面，而是被其他词隔开。如：
The news arrived that Rock had won a car in the competition.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
The order soon came that all citizens should leave the village.
3. 同位语从句通常由that引导，that在从句中不充当成分，在非正式语体中可省略；同位语从句还可由whether, who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why等引导。如：
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
The question who should do the work needs to be considered.
I have no idea why the television isn’t working.
Then arose the question where we were to get the machines.
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
a. 从意义上说，前者是对一个名词加以补充说明，后者是对一个名词进行修饰和限定。
b. 从结构上说，前者多由连词that引导，that在从句中不充当任何成分；后者由关系词引导，关系词在从句中担任一定的成分。如：
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is unreasonable.   (同位语从句)
The idea that you put forward at the meeting was unreasonable.   (定语从句)
【小试牛刀】
I. 单项填空。
1. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the party _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. because C. where D. that
2. Soon there arose a question at the meeting _____ would be sent to work in the west.
A. that B. who C. when D. why
3. A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.  
A. if B. when C. that D. which
4. Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
II. 用适当的连词完成下面短文。
Karen was happy and nervous today. Her mother was flying to Los Angeles from New York and would be staying with her for two weeks. Karen cleaned her apartment until it was shining and spotless. On her way to the airport, a thought came to her (1) _____ she should make a reservation for dinner, but she had no idea (2) _____ her mother would prefer Chinese or Thai food.
On the road, Karen turned on the radio and heard the news (3) _____ snow near Chicago had caused her mother’s flight to be delayed. So Karen was thinking about going shopping or going to a café.
An hour later, Karen took her time heading to the airport. To her surprise, her mother was waiting outside for a taxi! Doubts (4) _____ her mother arrived so early filled her mind. Actually, her mother had heard about the Chicago snowstorm and decided to take an earlier flight. She didn’t have time to call Karen, but she was sure about one thing (5) _____ Karen would arrive early to pick her up.
What a mix-up! Karen could have gotten to the airport earlier, but she didn’t. Her mother could have called from the airport, but she didn’t. They were both hungry and tired. Karen made a promise (6) _____ she would take her mother to either a Chinese or Thai restaurant, but her mother just wanted to get to Karen’s apartment and take a nap!
 
答案
【原句1】
1. 詹姆斯发言时，会议大厅里突然鸦雀无声。
2. 我们会听取所有参会者提出的任何问题。
3. 开会时，每个人都应该有发言权。
4. 有些发言人能一连讲几个小时，也不管是否有人愿意听。
【原句2】
I. 1-4 DBCB
II. 1. that 2. whether 3. that 4. why 5. that 6. that
 
（二）
【原句】There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.  (P39)
【译文】 毫无疑问，近年来全球气候在不断变化。
【解读】
There is no doubt that ... 意为“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导的是同位语从句。如：
a. There is no doubt that nowadays technology is changing the way we work and study.
b. There is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”.
doubt作名词还常用于“have no doubt that ... ”结构。如：
I have no doubt that we shall be able to do something for you.
注意：doubt由little，no修饰时，其后的同位语从句常用that引导；在肯定句中，doubt后面有时可跟whether引起的从句。如：
a. There is little doubt that they know what they’re doing.
b. I have no doubt that you will succeed.
c. There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
d. I have my doubts whether he will be fit in time for next Sunday’s match.
【拓展】
◆ beyond (all) doubt毫无疑问。如：
a. Beyond doubt he will give you some advice on your study.
b. She was beyond all doubt one of the finest dancers of her day.
◆ no doubt无疑；很可能。如：
a. We will, no doubt, discuss these issues again at the next meeting.
b. No doubt you’ll want to unpack and have a rest before dinner.
◆ without (a) doubt毫无疑问，一定地。如：
a. Vanity Fair is, without doubt, the greatest of Thackeray’s novels.
     b. Without a doubt you have been working very hard.
◆ make no doubt of 确信，对……毫不怀疑。如：
a. We make no doubt of his sincerity.
b. She made no doubt of what he had said.
◆ cast / throw doubt on / upon ...使人对……产生怀疑。如：
a. What he had done cast doubt on his honesty.
b. Galileo’s experiments threw doubt on Aristotle’s theory of falling objects.
◆ in doubt怀疑，不肯定。如：
a. When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult the dictionary.
b. The result of the vote remained in doubt until the next morning.
【小试牛刀】
I. 根据括号内所给提示翻译下列句子。
1. 毋庸置疑，教育对于我们所有人都很重要。 (There is no doubt that ...)
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2. 科学上的最新发现使我们对以前的学说产生了怀疑。 (throw doubt on)
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3. 露西不确定这个男孩躲哪儿去了。 (in doubt)
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4. 我不确定他是否会来。 (have my doubts)
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II. 用适当的介词填空。
1. I believe _____ all doubt that she will achieve success.
2. Her record of dismissals casts doubt _____ her ability to hold down a job.
3. He is still _____ some doubt about whether to go or not.
4. The poor girl made no doubt _____ what the man had done.
 
 
答案
I. 1. There is no doubt that education is very important for us all.
2. The latest scientific discoveries throw doubt on earlier theories.  
3. Lucy is in doubt about where the boy is hiding himself.
4. I have my doubts whether he will come.
II. 1. beyond 2. on / upon 3. in 4. of